The Truth About Dog Training: What Works and What Doesn't

When learning about dog training, it’s easy to become overwhelmed with conflicting advice.

From outdated techniques based on dominance theory to modern positive reinforcement methods, the world of dog training has evolved significantly.

While some approaches lead to lasting bonds and obedience, others can do more harm than good.

Understanding the truth about dog training is key to making informed decisions and ensuring your dog’s happiness, health, and behavior.

In this article, we’ll explore what truly works when training your dog and what should be left behind.

Dog Training Methods That Work

1. Positive Reinforcement Training

Positive reinforcement training is widely regarded as the gold standard when it comes to training your dog.

Rooted in behavioral psychology, this method encourages dogs to repeat good behaviors by offering rewards such as treats, praise, or toys when they perform as desired.

Why It Works

Unlike punishment-based training, positive reinforcement builds a relationship of trust between the dog and its owner.

Instead of being afraid of making mistakes, the dog learns that desirable behavior brings rewards. This creates a dog that is not only well-behaved but also confident and happy.

One of the key principles of positive reinforcement is timing. Dogs associate actions with outcomes within seconds, so the reward must be immediate.

Clicker training is often used in conjunction with positive reinforcement as it allows owners to precisely mark the moment when the dog exhibits the desired behavior.

This method has been backed by the American Kennel Club (AKC), which notes that positive reinforcement training "results in a dog who actively wants to perform the desired behaviors" .

While food treats are a popular choice for rewards, they shouldn’t be overused. Experiment with praise or toys as alternative reinforcers to prevent over-reliance on treats.

Additionally, once your dog masters a behavior, gradually phase out the rewards to ensure the command becomes second nature, not just a transactional exchange.

2. Socialization Techniques

Socialization is one of the most crucial aspects of dog training, especially for puppies.

Introducing your dog to a variety of environments, people, and other animals helps them grow into well-rounded, calm, and confident adults.

Why It Works

Proper socialization reduces the likelihood of fear-based aggression and anxiety.

Dogs that are well-socialized are better able to cope with new experiences and situations without becoming overwhelmed.

They’re less likely to react negatively to strangers, loud noises, or other animals, which is why early and ongoing socialization is critical for dogs of all breeds and sizes .

It’s important to note that socialization should be a positive experience.

Rather than flooding your dog with overwhelming stimuli, introduce new experiences gradually and reward calm behavior. This teaches your dog that new things are safe and fun.

A lesser-known fact is that age matters in socialization. The "critical socialization period" for puppies is between 3 and 14 weeks of age.

During this window, puppies are most receptive to new experiences, which is why breeders and new owners must expose them to a wide variety of stimuli during this time.

But don’t worry—socialization doesn't end there. Regular social experiences throughout your dog’s life will reinforce positive behavior.

3. Reward-Based Obedience Training

Basic obedience training is essential for all dogs, and reward-based methods are by far the most effective.

Teaching commands such as "sit," "stay," "come," and "leave it" gives your dog a sense of structure and helps establish you as the leader in a way that is clear and kind.

Why It Works

Reward-based obedience training taps into a dog’s natural desire to please.

When behaviors are rewarded consistently, the dog learns that following instructions is beneficial, leading to improved behavior over time.

However, one common mistake dog owners make is using food rewards too liberally and for too long.

While treats are a great way to introduce new behaviors, you’ll need to start fading them out once your dog understands the command.

Instead of food rewards, switch to praise or play as your dog becomes more reliable. This shift ensures that your dog responds to commands even when a treat isn’t visible.

An insider tip here is to use real-life rewards. Instead of only using treats, reward your dog with things they naturally want, such as going for a walk or playing with their favorite toy.

By associating commands with these everyday activities, your dog will see training as an integrated part of their life rather than a separate, treat-driven exercise.

4. Enrichment-Based Training

Mental stimulation is just as important as physical exercise for dogs, and enrichment-based training focuses on engaging a dog’s brain.

Puzzle toys, scent games, and problem-solving exercises help keep dogs mentally sharp and reduce boredom.

Why It Works

Dogs that are mentally stimulated are less likely to develop behavioral problems like excessive barking, digging, or chewing.

This is especially important for high-energy breeds like Border Collies or Belgian Malinois, which require constant engagement to remain happy and well-adjusted.

Enrichment-based training can be incorporated into your dog’s daily routine by using toys that make your dog work for their food or by hiding treats around the house for them to find.

These activities not only satisfy their natural instincts but also tire them out in a productive way.

Did you know that scent games are particularly effective for dogs with anxiety? Sniffing engages a dog’s brain and helps lower their stress levels, making it a great activity for nervous or high-strung dogs.

Research published by The Journal of Veterinary Behavior found that enrichment activities like nose work significantly improve a dog's overall well-being .

5. Professional Dog Trainers

For many dog owners, hiring a professional trainer can make a world of difference.

A certified dog trainer brings years of experience and insight, often identifying subtle issues or patterns that may go unnoticed by a novice.

Why It Works

Professional trainers can create customized plans tailored to a dog’s specific needs, whether it’s overcoming fear-based aggression or teaching advanced commands.

They can also help troubleshoot problems that arise during training, ensuring the process is as efficient as possible.

When choosing a trainer, look for certifications from reputable organizations such as the Certification Council for Professional Dog Trainers (CCPDT) or The International Association of Canine Professionals (IACP).

These certifications ensure that the trainer is well-versed in science-backed, humane training methods.

Dog Training Methods That Don’t Work

1. Punishment-Based Training

Punishment-based training methods, such as using shock collars, prong collars, or harsh physical corrections, are still common despite being widely discredited by experts.

These methods rely on fear and discomfort to stop unwanted behaviors, but they often do more harm than good.

Why It Doesn’t Work

While punishment may stop a behavior in the short term, it doesn’t teach the dog what to do instead.

Worse, it can damage the trust between a dog and its owner, leading to fear-based aggression or anxiety.

Dogs subjected to punishment-based training may learn to hide their behavior or become fearful of their owner.

Studies from The American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior have shown that punishment-based training can lead to increased aggression and fear in dogs.

Rather than learning to behave, dogs learn to associate their owner with fear and discomfort, making them more reactive in the future.

2. Dominance or "Alpha" Training

The idea that dog training should be based on the concept of dominance has been debunked by modern science, yet many dog owners still believe that they must establish themselves as the "alpha" to control their dog.

This outdated theory stems from early studies on wolf behavior, which suggested that wolves operate in strict hierarchies led by an alpha.

Why It Doesn’t Work

Dogs are not wolves, and even wolves do not follow such rigid social structures in the wild. Modern research shows that dogs are much more cooperative and respond best to positive reinforcement rather than forceful dominance.

Trying to dominate your dog can lead to a breakdown in communication and an increase in fear-based behaviors.

Instead, focus on clear communication and leadership. Establishing yourself as a leader through consistent, calm guidance will create a more respectful and trusting relationship with your dog.

3. Flooding Techniques

Flooding is a technique in which a dog is exposed to overwhelming stimuli in an attempt to "desensitize" them.

For example, exposing a dog with noise anxiety to loud sounds until they "get over it."

Why It Doesn’t Work

Flooding can backfire and make a dog’s fear or anxiety worse. Rather than becoming desensitized, many dogs shut down or develop new, more severe behavioral problems.

Research in applied animal behavior strongly advises against flooding, favoring gradual desensitization methods instead .

4. Over-Reliance on Crate Training

Crates can be an effective tool for housebreaking and providing a safe space for your dog, but over-reliance on crates can be harmful.

Some owners use crates as a form of containment for long periods, thinking it will stop their dog from getting into trouble.

Why It Doesn’t Work

While crates can prevent destructive behavior, they should not be used for more than a few hours at a time.

Dogs are social animals and need interaction, exercise, and mental stimulation. Overusing crates can lead to stress, anxiety, and even physical issues like joint stiffness.

5. “Quick Fix” Training Gimmicks

Many products and programs promise "quick fixes" for training problems, such as gadgets that claim to stop barking or behavior modification methods that guarantee immediate results.

While these may offer short-term solutions, they rarely address the underlying causes of the behavior.

Why It Doesn’t Work

Dogs are individuals with complex emotional and behavioral needs. Training takes time, patience, and consistency, and there are no shortcuts.

Quick-fix solutions may mask a problem, but they won’t solve it.

Conclusion

Understanding the truth about dog training requires sorting through the noise to find what really works.

Positive reinforcement, proper socialization, and enrichment-based training offer proven methods that build trust, ensure obedience, and enhance your dog’s well-being.

Meanwhile, punishment-based methods, dominance training, and quick-fix gimmicks can do more harm than good.

If you're serious about improving your dog’s behavior and relationship, it’s time to consult a professional.

At The Trusted Companion, we specialize in developing customized, science-backed training plans that meet the unique needs of your dog.

Remember, the key to successful dog training is patience, persistence, and a commitment to positive methods.

As the famous saying goes, "train with your heart, not with your hands."

FAQs

What is the most effective dog training method?

Positive reinforcement is the most effective method. It involves rewarding desired behaviors with treats, praise, or toys, building a positive association and motivating the dog to repeat good actions.

Should I use punishment to train my dog?

Punishment-based methods can be harmful and ineffective. They often lead to fear, anxiety, and aggression. Instead, focus on positive reinforcement and redirecting unwanted behaviors.

How can I train my dog without treats?

While treats are a popular reward, you can use praise, playtime, or access to favorite toys as motivators. Experiment to find what works best for your dog.

How long does it take to train a dog?

Training is an ongoing process, not a one-time event. Consistency and patience are key. Small, frequent training sessions are more effective than long, infrequent ones.

What if my dog doesn't respond to training?

If your dog isn't responding, consult a professional dog trainer. They can assess your dog's specific needs and provide tailored training strategies.